Political Development in Africa up to Independence
Grade 7 · Social Studies · Political Development and Governance (Political Development in Africa)
Pre-colonial states: kingdoms (Buganda, Asante), empires (Mali, Songhai) and stateless societies. Scramble and partition: Berlin Conference (1884-85). Colonial rule, resistance (Mekatilili, Koitalel, Maji Maji), nationalism and independence: Ghana 1957 (first in sub-Saharan Africa), Kenya 1963. Pan-Africanism led to the OAU (1963), now the African Union (2002).